After Hamas attacked Israel on October 7, 2023, killing about 1200 people and taking 250 hostages, Israel launched a military campaign in Gaza.

What followed was one of the most destructive wars of the century. Entire neighborhoods reduced to rubble, hospitals and schools hit, famine spreading across the territory, and a death toll in the tens of thousands - mostly women and children, according to Gaza's health ministry. Human rights organizations and many governments called it genocide.

Israel said it was defending itself against Hamas.